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| The emergence and flourishing of scholar seals during the
Ming and Qing dynasties |
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| Scholar seals appeared in the Ming dynasty. During this period, seals were flourishing together with the development of calligraphy and painting. This initiated a new era of seal-carving arts, which lasted almost for five hundred years during the Ming and Qing dynasties. After the mid-Ming, expression of emotion and feeling by using seal arts became very popular among scholars and led to the appearance of new seal-carving skills and aesthetic designs. During the late Ming, different schools emerged, such as Wumeng School represented by Wen Peng, Anhui School by He Zhen and Loudong School by Wang Guang. Scholar seal arts entered its golden age during the mid-Qing. Studies of bronze and stones provided traditional seal-carving arts with fresh ideas, leading to the emergence of Zhejiang and Deng Shiru Schools. |
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